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Kurt Andersen on the new Web boom: Why the media industry keeps blowing bubbles

April 24, 2006 by Scott Rosenberg

One of my first stops each morning is Jim Romenesko’s venerable blog of news-industry items. Since I work with one foot in the world of politics and journalism and the other in the tech world, sometimes the headlines trip me up.

This morning, for instance, I learned from Romenesko that “WP promotes Perl.” Aha! The Washington Post has decided that the open-source programming/scripting language Perl is the answer to its problems! No, this is a journalist named Peter Perl, and he’s becoming the Post’s associate managing editor. I’m not sure how many of Romenesko’s readers know, or care, what Perl is. But maybe they should.

Case in point: today’s dose of Romenesko pointed me toward New York magazine, where Kurt Andersen ponders whether the Web industry is once more heading into bubble territory — and concludes that it is. I don’t know which is scarier: Andersen’s general portrait of ignorance chasing investment returns, or his specific news that Michael Wolff (of “Burn Rate” fame) is plotting his return to the Net industry.

Andersen takes a bemused stance, suggesting that nobody really knows how far the insanity will go this time around. It’s hard to argue with that. But — as many media-industry-focused, New-York-based writers trying to get their heads around trends incubated in other places often have — he generalizes his own sense of ignorance a bit too broadly, implying that his own failures to pick up the scent of important new tech trends mean that any effort to do so must be doomed.

He kicks off with a series of anecdotes: In 1994, Time’s Walter Isaacson told him to nab the “New York” domain name for New York mag, which he was editing. Andersen admits he didn’t know what Isaacson was talking about. In 2000, when he was launching Inside.com, his partner Michael Hirschorn suggested that they create blogs on their site. Andersen didn’t know what blogs were. Two years later, as Inside was imploding, a friend in the business told him he should look into RSS. The term drew another blank stare.

These experiences, Andersen concludes, “confirm William Goldman’s truism about show business: Nobody knows anything.”

No, they don’t do that at all. In fact, Andersen’s advisers all seem to have known some very valuable and important things, things that he could have learned — and profited — from. I’ll give him credit for openly admitting his ignorance; that’s more than a lot of writers would do. But the leap from “I keep missing the boat” to “there is no boat” is unwarranted.

In the mid-’90s, as the hard work of building the Web industry began, it was hard to get people in New York to take what was happening on the Internet seriously. Then, in the late ’90s, as the prospect of vast IPO returns loomed, it was hard to get them to view anything that was happening on the Net critically. When the bubble burst, the general feeling in the corridors of media power was, “Thank God that Web stuff is over — now we can stop paying attention to all those Silicon Valley acronyms.” Today, apparently, the bit has flipped once more, and New York is returning to an uncritical embrace of all things Webbish.

What about the middle position? The one where you say, there’s enormous value and considerable crap bubbling out of the technology industry, and you try to do the hard work of sorting one from the other?

Ah, but that would mean trying to learn about things like domain names and blogs and RSS before they become buzzwords. And that, it seems, is simply asking too much.

Filed Under: Media, Technology

User-generated discontent

April 7, 2006 by Scott Rosenberg

Derek Powazek explains why the term “user-generated content” feels so icky. It’s marketing-speak applied to an activity (creating writing, photos, artwork, and other original stuff and contributing it to the Web) that people care deeply about.

I agree that the phrase is icky, yet I have caught myself using it on occasion — because I have not found a good replacement shorthand term that says “stuff people contribute to a Web site or service that is created by visitors to said Web site or service rather than its proprietors.”

Derek proposes:

  Let’s use the real words. Those people posting to Amazon pages? They’re writing reviews. Those folks on Flickr? They’re making photographs. And if we must have an umbrella term to describe the whole shebang, I have a suggestion. Try this on for size: Authentic Media.

Well, I’m sorry, but “authentic media” is a problem, too. For one thing, it’s oxymoronic: “media” refers to the middle-man, yet this stuff is ostensibly authentic because it cuts out the middleman — as Derek suggests when he says, “Authentic media is what happens when the mediators get out of the way.” Furthermore, if “user-generated content” carries a whiff of contempt for unwashed amateur contributors, then “authentic media” is vaguely discourteous to those of us in the other, older-fashioned media who still aspire to some level of authenticity ourselves, and believe that it might be attainable, even if we don’t always achieve it. The label a priori rules out that possibility.

There are several different axes or spectrums at work here — inauthentic/authentic; professional (paid)/amateur (unpaid); one-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many; and no doubt others I’m missing.

I’m happy to strike “user-generated content” from my vocabulary. But I still think we need a term for distinguishing those reviews and photographs and other works that are contributed by people “out there” from those created by people “in here.” Maybe some day the old-fashioned media model with wither and disappear, everyone “in here” will end up “out there,” and then the distinction will become meaningless. In the meantime, it remains of some use in our conversations, whether we are believers in or skeptics toward the Phenomenon That We Should No Longer Call “User-Generated Content.”

Filed Under: Media, Technology

Sound it out

April 7, 2006 by Scott Rosenberg

Sometimes you just have to hear a name.

I was clicking around My Yahoo trying to understand one aspect of how it handles RSS feeds, when I saw a featured feed from a site called Divester. And I thought — Wow! Like Gawker or Defamer or Treehugger, but devoted to socially conscious investing, trying to get universities and public institutions to sell their stock in companies that Do Evil!

So I clicked through to see more. Whoops — it’s not Di-vest-er, it’s Dive-ster. Diving site. “Divesting” must still be waiting for its blog.

Filed Under: Media, Technology

Opinions? We don’t allow no stinking opinions!

April 5, 2006 by Scott Rosenberg

Amazing. A producer at ABC’s “Good Morning America” named John Green apparently sent an email to colleagues during the Sept. 30, 2004 presidential debate, and declared, “Bush makes me sick. If he uses the ‘mixed messages’ line one more time, I’m going to puke.”

Drudge got some of Green’s emails and posted them on March 23. Now ABC has suspended Green for this.

And a good thing, too. How dare this producer express such an opinion! I’m sure every single one of his colleagues had enough professionalism and self-discipline to ban all opinions from their brain-pans during that important political event. There wasn’t anyone else at ABC watching that debate who might have been thinking, “Bush makes me sick,” or, for that matter, “Kerry is such a boob!”

Only, it seems, John Green had the temerity, the gall, the poor form, not just to have an opinion but to share it in an email message. Really, the guy shouldn’t just be suspended, he should be drummed out of the journalism profession without a hearing. Revoke his credentials (whatever they are)! Let’s make sure all the editors, reporters, producers and correspondents out there never have opinions. Because then they might, you know, have something to say.

(Gee, I wonder whether anyone at Fox News was emailing any opinions on that debate night?)

There was another Green email in which he apparently expressed a dislike for former secretary of state Madeline Albright because of what he termed her “Jew shame.” That’s a pretty crude phrase. Beyond that, I suppose we’re supposed to be upset that Green is admitting he doesn’t like some of the people who appear on the show he produces. It would indeed be a better world if all producers liked every single one of the people they booked. Beyond that, so what? And since Bush and Albright belong to different parties, which side is Green supposed to be biased toward, anyway?

At some point we will need to give up and simply accept that journalists and editors are human beings, and human beings have points of view, and it’s better to know those biases than to pretend they don’t exist. There’s no escape from this — not even via the Google News route of news-judgment by algorithm. Somebody’s got to write the algorithm and choose the data sources, and that person will have opinions, and those sources will have opinions.

Filed Under: Media, Politics

Welcome back, my friends, to the argument that never ends

April 4, 2006 by Scott Rosenberg

Jay Rosen has written an intelligent piece about New York Times editor Bill Keller’s admission that he doesn’t read Romenesko and other media blogs. Jay traces Keller’s aversion to blogosphere chatter through a series of comments about “self-absorption.” This term is closely related to navel-gazing, and somewhat more distantly, to “inside baseball.” These are all terms journalists use when they fear that shop-talk and meta-conversations about their profession will bore the readership. (Sometimes they also fear that such “self-absorption” might lead to embarrassment, loss of authority or a little too much light shed on the profession of light-shedding.)

Of course, the blogosphere has opened an inexhaustible faucet of such meta-conversation. This brings us to the most interesting part of Rosen’s piece, to me. “There seems to be no end to any argument in your world,” Keller complained to blogger Jeff Jarvis in a public e-mail exchange last year. Well, right, Rosen says. He sympathizes with Keller’s concern that all this transparency and online dialoguing might place infinite demands on a busy manager’s time — and that’s a legitimate concern for anyone who is trying to lead a newsroom while also representing it to the wider world, online and off. But really, Rosen argues, the complaint is off base: “Do arguments on the opinion pages normally ‘end?’ How about arguments about higher taxes, racism, war or globalization as found in the Times news columns? Do they end?”

I largely agree with Rosen’s retort to Keller — which is to say, look, of course this thing is a time-sink, but so is any communication of value, and there are smart and time-conserving ways to use your own blog to engage in dialogue with your critics without having it become an infinite loop of self-justification and “self-absorption.”

But I think Rosen has missed one central element of the “no end to any argument” argument, and that has to do with the matter of who gets to say when an argument is over.

Because, until quite recently, for most of the career of the editor of the Times, or any other leading journalist today, it was the newspaper’s editors who nearly always got to say, “This argument is at an end.” An editor operates in a world of limited resources — limited staff, limited time in the day, limited column inches in the paper. The work of editing is almost entirely the work of making choices about how to deploy those limited resources. An argument becomes an argument in the first place because an editor makes a story assignment, decides to highlight the story, assigns a follow-up. And the argument is over when the editor decides, okay, enough of that — now this!

Add up those choices taking place in newsrooms around the country and you have “the news cycle” — that arc of coverage from “breaking story” to “analysis” to “follow-ups” and so on that governs the media today. The news cycle is finite; stories lose steam and are replaced by other stories with their own cycles. This is often because a story has run its natural course. But it is also because editors, forced to choose between expending resources on continuing to cover yesterday’s news or jumping on today’s, will almost always choose to start a new cycle. After all, they became editors because they’re excited by news.

The blogosphere presents an entirely different structure for the flow of information. There is no single news cycle here. If you are blogging about, say, campaign finance reform, or global warming, you will keep dogging that subject day after day. You aren’t going to be reassigned to cover an aspect of the next breaking news cycle. No one is going to tell you that there’s no column-inches (or air-time) left for your beat, and besides, didn’t we already run a big take-out on that topic last week? None of those constraints apply. Keller is right: Here, there is no end to the argument.

In the end, that, I think, is what is so unnerving about the blogosphere conversation to him and his coevals. Gone are the familiar newsroom rhythms — in which last week’s chatter about Andy Card’s resignation is replaced by this week’s chatter about Tom DeLay’s resignation, which will be replaced by next week’s chatter about next week’s resignation.

Certainly, the best editors and publications — among which the Times certainly belongs in the front rank — transcend the news cycle, with long-form features and long-term investigations that make news rather than respond to it. Certainly, too, the blogosphere responds to resignation chatter and other news-cycles; its ripples and waves most often start from newspaper or TV splash.

The difference is between a closed system, one of limits, and an open system, with no boundaries. The editor who assigns three reporters to a six-month investigation of some fraud knows that those reporters are not going to be available to cover City Hall. The blogger who’s got a case against the local school board, or who thinks that Dan Rather (or the New York Times) is biased, is never going to stop. The whole point of a blog is that no one can make you shut up.

So I think, when we hear an editor complain that “There seems to be no end to any argument in your world,” we are hearing the reflexes of a professional who has spent a lifetime deciding, “It’s time to move from this story to that story.” It’s the voice of someone whose whole expertise lies in assessing when one news cycle is ending and another is starting.

When such an editor surveys the blogosphere, he hears a multitude of voices who do not operate in such a zero-sum world — and who stubbornly refuse to give up talking about this issue or that story even if the cycle has rolled on. For the old-school editorial mind, engaging with such voices isn’t just an exercise in futility — it’s an act of self-torture. The world of “no end to any argument” isn’t just a world that challenges specific choices editors make; it’s one that eliminates the very editorial occupation of argument-ending.

UPDATE: More thoughts from Dave Weinberger: “We are not going to settle our arguments. There’s enough room on the Web to permit that…The big question is whether we can adapt this lesson of the Web to the real world with its finite space and inescapable proximities. If we’re never all going to agree, can we at least all keep talking?”

Filed Under: Blogging, Media

Wall Street Journal joins free-speech cause

April 3, 2006 by Scott Rosenberg

I was amazed recently to find a Wall Street Journal editorial agreeing with me — in this case, suggesting that it might be time for the government to give up its ill-fated defense of the Child Online Protection Act, which the ACLU has been fighting for nearly eight years now (Salon is one of a group of publishers that are plaintiffs represented by the ACLU).

I was surprised, really, because in the past the Journal has, let’s just say, been less than sympathetic to the cause. This editorial from 2004, for instance, viewed the online free speech argument as an object of contempt (“Larry Flynt…pretending he’s Thomas Paine”). What upset the Journal there was the prospect that the Supreme Court might end up more protective of adults’ right to free expression online, even on sexual topics, than of the rights of wealthy people to contribute unlimited sums to political campaigns.

That should have tipped me off to what might have swung the Journal over to the ACLU’s side in the COPA matter. It turns out that the Journal’s indifference to the Right to Free Speech is outweighed by its horror at the prospect of government interference with the Right to Do Business.

Specifically, when the government’s effort to save COPA spilled over into what the Journal rightly called a “fishing expedition” into Google’s log files, sparking a headline frenzy, the paper’s editorialists had enough: “If commandeering such data from private companies against their will is what it takes to defend the law,” the Journal wrote, “maybe defending it isn’t worth the effort.”

Indeed. Welcome to the team, WSJers! Next, can we interest you in some ACLU membership cards?

Filed Under: Business, Media, Technology

Odds and ends

March 27, 2006 by Scott Rosenberg

Cleaning out a reading backlog. Herewith some links, some going back months:

## Fascinating piece from the New York Times last week on the man who wrote the song that became “The Lion Sleeps Tonight”: It started out, in Solomon Linda’s 1939 recording, as “Mbube,” which is pronounced “EEM-boo-bay.” That, in Pete Seeger’s hands, became “Wimoweh.” Then songwriter George Weiss added the “Lion” lyrics. Linda got 10 shillings for the rights in 1952. He died poor in 1962. His family did recently get some money from Disney, which used the song in “The Lion King.” There are over 150 recordings of the song. One is by Brian Eno (I still own a 7-inch single of the 1975 recording, somewhere).

## Writer’s block or creative logjam? Now you don’t have to hunt for a collector’s item edition of Eno’s Oblique Strategies, a deck of cards offering cryptically helpful aphorisms as rut escape strategies. It’s all online. And it’s probably been there forever, but I only found it recently.

## This interview with Ray Ozzie from ACM Queue from a few months ago is a great read. It’s especially insightful about the disparity today between individuals and small businesses and large enterprises — like Microsoft, where Ozzie is now a CTO. Little guys are free to adapt to the newest and most flexible technologies; big enterprises find themselves hogtied not only by the money they’ve already spent on older technologies, but by fear and turf-wars and regulations that make it almost impossible for them to embrace openness and change. Choice quote:

  RSS is an extremely important standard. It’s the HTML of the next generation of the Web, or some people might refer to it as the Unix pipe of the Internet. It’s a way of channeling data from one application to another in very interesting and robust fashion. Again, I think it’s important as a technique far beyond just collaborative software.

(For the non-Unix geeks out there, a “Unix pipe” is a fast, simple way in that operating system to connect the output of one program to the input of another.)

## Sun CTO Greg Papadopoulos provides a crystal clear explanation of what Moore’s Law is and isn’t (it’s not about chips doubling in speed or halving in cost, it’s about doubling the number of transistors you can fit on a chip).

## Find yourself checking for new e-mail every five minutes? You might be a victim of continuous partial attention, but Rands in Repose has a slightly different take on the idea — he calls it Repetitive Information Injury. And a Discover column from Steven Johnson offers some novel ideas for new approaches to computer interfaces that are designed to help us focus more and multitask less when that’s what we want.

## Meanwhile, Paul Graham suggests that procrastination isn’t really a problem if you’re forsaking some dull work that you have to do in order to explore something you love. This advice is easier to act upon after you have sold your startup company, as Graham once did — those in need of a steady income may have greater trouble following his recommendations.

Filed Under: Culture, Media, Music, Technology

Rule Britannica?

March 25, 2006 by Scott Rosenberg

Yesterday’s Journal featured a front-page piece about Encyclopedia Britannica’s counteroffensive against Wikipedia, which apparently will kick in full force next week with big newspaper ads defending the old institution’s honor.

I’m not hugely interested in the Britannica argument about the methodology of a study published in Nature magazine that suggested the cooperatively produced, volunteer online Wikipedia had only a slightly higher error rate than the professional, costly encyclopedia. Defining “error” is a hopeless exercise in this field, and invites infinite angels-on-pinhead arguments.

The point isn’t that anyone would claim Wikipedia’s superiority today: Wikipedia leader Jimmie Wales admits in the piece that he was glad Nature focused on science articles, because Wikipedia is a lot weaker in the humanities and social sciences.

The point is that Wikipedia is just over five years old and, by opening itself to contributions and emendations from anyone anywhere, it has already arrived at a position where comparisons with Britannica don’t produce a laugh-off-the-stage reaction. The story here is about process, not snapshots in time. Wikipedia is on an improvement curve that, if it holds up, Britannica will never be able to match.

The big challenge for Wikipedia now is what the management gurus call “process improvement.” The Wikipedians need to keep figuring out ways to inoculate their work from trolls and defacers. We all need to grapple with the ethics and procedures of correcting information that we’re personally involved in (for instance, I once fixed a small factual error on the spotty Wikipedia page for Salon, then my journalism superego kicked in, and I thought, wait a minute, I shouldn’t be doing this, should I?). New crises and problems will keep arising for Wikipedia, like the Seigenthaler brouhaha last year.

No one argues that Wikipedia is perfect, and I don’t doubt that, for the moment, in the majority of areas, Britannica is more reliable. On the other hand, Wikipedia is free. And it keeps getting better. And it’s only a handful of years old. If I worked for Britannica, I think I’d be worried. But I wouldn’t waste my money on newspaper ads; instead, I’d be investing in research to figure out how a centuries-old institution should adapt to a new information-rich age.

BONUS LINK: My Salon colleague Farhad Manjoo has started a blog recording the odd bits of information he has gleaned from the Wikipedia trove.

Filed Under: Media, Technology

That was fast

March 24, 2006 by Scott Rosenberg

Washington Post says Domenech has resigned. Jim Brady, editor of the Post Web site, writes: “We appreciate the speed and thoroughness with which our readers and media outlets surfaced these allegations. Despite the turn this has taken, we believe this event, among other things, testifies to the positive and powerful role that the Internet can play in the the practice of journalism.”

Yeah. But maybe next time, you know, check out the writer before you make the hire?

Filed Under: Media

Salon movie critic’s words found in right-wing blogger’s clips

March 23, 2006 by Scott Rosenberg

If it weren’t so pathetic it would be hilarious.

The Washington Post, caving in to a right-wing campaign against its blogger-columnist Dan Froomkin, recently hired a raging young conservative named Ben Domenech to start a blog called “Red America.”

If it were serious about balance, the Post would then have hired someone like Tom Tomorrow or Kos to bring the scales back to level. But then, they have track records. And they’re not plagiarists.

Domenech, it turns out, spent his college years at William and Mary cribbing whole paragraphs from movie reviews in Salon (and other reviews by Steve Rhodes, and other pieces by P.J. O’Rourke.)

I don’t know which is worse: the act itself or the stupidity of doing so in 1999, as a college student in the Internet era, when you just have to know that it will catch up with you someday.

Shouldn’t he at least have been copying from National Review or the New Criterion? Did he figure none of his conservative pals would read Salon, so he could pilfer with abandon?

However the story plays out — and it will, fast — the black eye for the Post is, sadly, deserved.

Domenech has already posted an apology for complaining that President Bush shouldn’t have attended Coretta Scott King’s funeral because she was a “Communist.” So far, no attempt to explain the multiple acts of plagiarism.

UPDATE: Read Joe Conason’s take. And Salon has a compendium of Domenech’s plagiarisms.

Filed Under: Media, Salon

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